This study by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance discusses existing income discrepancies based on current statistics and examines the effects of taxation, which is gender-neutral in its legal formulation, on these differences, especially with regard to the most recent tax reform.

This paper on SMEs in Vietnam, looks into biases that help explain the higher costs and lower profits of female-owned enterprises.  It brings together gender analysis, small scale enterprise analysis, and gender budget analysis in a development context by demonstrating that gender matters not only to the ownership of an SME, but also to its most likely principal activity, the stock of the assets that it possesses, the labour that it utilizes, the costs that it faces, the revenues that it...

Discussion paper examining the gender impact of personal, corporate and consumption taxes and proposing alternative tax policies to promote gender equality.

This IMF Working Paper examines how public processes can contribute to improving women's status. Gender budgeting, which refers to the systematic examination of budget programs and policies for their impact on women, has been tried in a range of countries in recent years. This study attempts to show that gender budgeting is just good budgeting; budgeting that properly accounts for the positive externalities that are derived from improving women's opportunities for health care, education, and...

This discussion paper “Gender equality and tax: issues and recommendations for Viet Nam” is designed to help policymakers and relevant stakeholders understand the linkages between gender inequalities, tax laws, and tax policy options. Specifically, this paper examines the gender impact of tax laws and tax incentives in Viet Nam, including in relation to personal income taxes, corporate income taxes, consumption taxes such as the VAT, and the role of social protection programs.

The paper reviews the literature on the gender dimensions of taxation and the implications for tax policy with special reference to developing countries. It was commissioned by the Commonwealth Secretariat as part of the organization's commitment to integrate gender concerns into economic policy. The paper follows important prior work on the gender dimensions of public expenditure. Its purpose is to provide information to assist in the analysis of potential gender bias in tax systems and the...

This document, represents the gender analysis that was conducted on Tanzania's 2003-2004 National Budget. The study conducted by Tanzania Gender Networking Programme (TGNP) opens with characteristics of a gender-sensitive and pro-poor budget and continues with the analysis of Tanzania's 2003-2004 revenues and expenditures. It includes recommendations for more equitable and pro-poor budgeting, priority sectors, health, agriculture and water, within Tanzania.

This guidance sheet on Intergovernmental fiscal relations and gender-responsive budgeting is a UNIFEM publication written by Debbie Budlender in December 2006. This pamphlet is intended to assist GRB advocates in thinking about what budget experts term intergovernmental fiscal relations and what this means for GRB activities. Understanding this issue can strengthen advocacy around ensuring that adequate resources are available for allocation towards gender-responsive priorities for which local...

Governments raise tax revenues so that they can meet the needs of the people they represent. Fair and equal taxation makes sure that tax laws do not discriminate against people who live traditional lives, subsistence farmers, rural business owners, women, or the poor

The document by Forum for Women in Democracy (FOWODE), is a brief paper on the gender analysis of the Uganda taxation sector. This gender analysis provides a basis for investigating the gender dimension in tax policy formulation and Central Government tax administration carried out by Uganda Revenue Authority (URA).