This report by Nalini Burn, Larabi Jaidi and Hayat Zirari (2005) is a diagnostic study designed to analyse the potential of gender mainstreaming in the budget process of Morocco's communes. This study, which is part of a an international initiative supported by UNIFEM and the European Union, is concerned with gender mainstreaming in budget systems and practices at local level and within a context of decentralisation.

This report synthesises findings from a two year research and advocacy programme "Just Budgets" carried out in partnership with four leading African civil society organisations. The aim of the programme was to explore how gender responsive budgeting (GRB) could be applied to new aid modalities (budget and sector support) in order to strengthen gender equality outcomes in development cooperation. The research was a response to aid financing reforms articulated in the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness.

The ITC/ILO gender marker is a one-digit code (on a 0 to 3 scale) used by ITC to assess ;whether or not ITC/ILO ;training activities are designed in a gender-sensitive way in order to address the needs of women and men as ultimate beneficiaries of development actions.The application of the marker is preceded by appropriate awareness-raising sessions and accompanied by guidance from gender specialists (if needed).

This report explains how Development Impact Bonds (DIBs) can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of development funding. Based on Social Impact Bonds in industrialized countries, a DIB creates a contract between private investors and donors or governments who have agreed upon a shared development goal. The investors pay in advance for interventions to reach the goals and are remunerated if the interventions succeed. Returns on the investment are linked to verified progress.

Background paper prepared for the Commonwealth Secretariat by Khabele Matlosa, Research Director, Electoral Institute of Southern Africa (EISA) Johannesburg, South Africa.

This study "Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations" by Debbie Budlender and Julia de Bruyn, based on the South African case, discusses the allocation of responsibility for expenditure and powers to raise revenue to different spheres of government. A system of intergovernmental fiscal relations includes the construction of a system of transfers to overcome the problem of "mismatch" between such responsibilities and powers.

This guidance sheet on Intergovernmental fiscal relations and gender-responsive budgeting is a UNIFEM publication written by Debbie Budlender in December 2006. This pamphlet is intended to assist GRB advocates in thinking about what budget experts term intergovernmental fiscal relations and what this means for GRB activities. Understanding this issue can strengthen advocacy around ensuring that adequate resources are available for allocation towards gender-responsive priorities for which local government is responsible.

This report presents the findings of a country review carried out in Uganda by Nite Tanzarn under the programme"Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda" launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008. The report describes how gender responsive budgeting (GRB) work has engaged with the key aid effectiveness instruments in Uganda over the past five years.

This report presents the findings of a country review carried out in Rwanda by John Mutamba and Cyuma Mbayiha under the programme "Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda"launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008. Authors of the report highlight that the public sector reforms and the Public Finance Management reform that are underway in the country offer unique entry points for gender responsive budgeting.

This report presents the findings of a country review carried out in Nepal by Dr. Meena Acharya Sahavagi under the programme"Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda" launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008. The study focused on two main donors EC and DFID and includes an in depth analysis of funding in the Education sector.