Background paper prepared for the Commonwealth Secretariat by Khabele Matlosa, Research Director, Electoral Institute of Southern Africa (EISA) Johannesburg, South Africa.

This guidance sheet on Intergovernmental fiscal relations and gender-responsive budgeting is a UNIFEM publication written by Debbie Budlender in December 2006. This pamphlet is intended to assist GRB advocates in thinking about what budget experts term intergovernmental fiscal relations and what this means for GRB activities. Understanding this issue can strengthen advocacy around ensuring that adequate resources are available for allocation towards gender-responsive priorities for which local government is responsible.

This report presents the findings of a country review carried out in Rwanda by John Mutamba and Cyuma Mbayiha under the programme "Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda"launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008. Authors of the report highlight that the public sector reforms and the Public Finance Management reform that are underway in the country offer unique entry points for gender responsive budgeting.

This report presents the findings of a country review carried out in Nepal by Dr. Meena Acharya Sahavagi under the programme"Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda" launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008. The study focused on two main donors EC and DFID and includes an in depth analysis of funding in the Education sector.

This report presents the findings of a country review carried out in Mozambique by Nathalie Holvoet and Liesbeth Inberg under the programme"Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda" launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008. The report includes an overview of key development indicators and the aid management environment. In doing this, it focuses specifically on the development aid of two donors, i.e. the EC and Sweden (an important supplier of GBS in Mozambique).

This report presents the findings of a country review carried out in India by Benita Sharma and Aruna Kanchi under the programme "Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda" launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008.The report discusses the use of and opportunities for Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) tools and strategies in national level processes and instruments, including utilization of external assistance in the light of India. The first section of the report introduces the subject and describes the methodology.

This research was carried out by Marcia Roeder, Carmen Takayama, Patricia Fuertes and Isabel Hurtado, under the programme"Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda" launched by UNIFEM and the European Commission (EC) in 2008.The report investigates how GRB can contribute to promoting gender equality in the context of the aid effectiveness agenda. The paper analyses the National Budget process in Peru with focus on development aid and presents a case study of the labour and Micro and Small Enterprise sector (SME) sectors in Peru.

This review carried out under the UNIFEM's programme entitled "Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda", provides an analysis of how gender-responsive budgeting work has engaged with development planning instruments, national budgeting processes and aid modalities in Ethiopia.

This paper is an attempt to measure the effectiveness of Gender Budgeting as a tool for women empowerment. In recent years, Gender Budget Initiatives have emerged as an effective way to bridge gender gaps. First step towards this goal was taken by Australia, South Africa and Philippines followed by other developed and less developed countries including India.

This synthesis paper examines the evolution of efforts to address domestic violence in Latin America. In the outset, the authors elucidate the methodological dilemmas involved in collecting data on domestic violence. The paper discusses some of the outcom