The monitoring and evaluation process of implementation of the Paris Declaration has been broadly debated among civil society organizations involved in the aid effectiveness process. This primer prepared by the Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID) in 2008 presents a general overview of this process, the key results of the first official round of monitoring, and the main concerns and recommendations put forward by CSOs participating in the parallel process towards the HLF3. The primer mentions the relevance of GRB for the achievement of gender equitable developmetn outcomes in the context of the new aid agenda.